1492 Oct 12 Columbus discovers America.

16 May 1499 Travel by Alonso de Ojeda, Juan de la Cosa and Amerigo Vespucci: discover the Cape de la Vela.

22 May 1810 First Republic. Cartagena authorities deposed realistic. Jul 20 Santa fe In establishing a Governing Board which assumes command and replaces the Viceroy Amar y Borbon.

1816 Apr 28 Spaniards to reconquer New Granada and the Viceroyalty restored. Pablo Morillo 26 may come to Santa Fe began the era of terror.

1819 May 23 begins the campaign to liberate New Granada. Jun 15 begins to climb the Andes. Jul 27 Battle of Pantano de Vargas. Aug 7 Battle of Boyaca frees the New Granada. Created December 17 the Republic. Colombia by the Congress of Angostura, with three departments: Venezuela, Cundinamarca and Quito.

1903 Nov 3 Proclaimed independence of Panama.

1948 Murder of Liberal leader Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. Military Government.

1953 Jun 13 With the support of various political and social sectors, Lieutenant General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla overthrew President Laureano Gómez.

10 May 1957 General Rojas Pinilla leaves the power in the hands of a military junta that rules until August 7, 1958. National Front, December 1 Approved plebiscite institutionalises bipartisan government.

1991 Feb 5 Installed the National Constituent Assembly. Jul 4 Proclaimed a new constitution.