During the pre-Columbian period, the area currently occupied Cúcuta was populated by indigenous Motilones Chitareros and belonging to the Chibcha linguistic family and Caribbean descent. The tribes were characterized by nomadic customs and practiced agriculture and handicrafts. These indigenous people settled on the banks of the rivers Zulia, Tarra, Sardinata, Catatumbo, Pamplonita and Tachira.
During the early seventeenth century much of the valleys of Cucuta were owned by Captain Cristóbal de Araque Ponce de Leon. The land passed by inheritance to his son Fernando de Araque Ponce de Leon, who owned all the territory between the Valley of Cucuta to the town of San Jose, jurisdiction of the city of San Faustino. These fields had been donated to the master Araque by the Governor of the Province of Mérida New Cries of the (local authority as part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada) by means of vouchers issued the September 9, 1630.
The constant hostility of the Indians of the town of Cucuta Motilones against the inhabitants of the valley and their economic ambitions, were key factors in the past requested the construction of a parish that had the name of San Jose and dwell in the kingdom if they obtained license Spain.
Whereas white neighbors to the people of Cúcuta would request the erection of a parish and they had chosen Guasimal site on the banks of the river Pamplonita, Juana Rangel de Cuellar won the June 17, 1733 average stay in cattle ( 782 hectares) on the site Tonchala, which had a value of 50 patacones, [20] for the construction of a church and a place for Spanish families to settle in what is now the Barrio San Luis. It was the seat stay most notably agricultural and livestock Rangel de Cuellar, a prominent family descended from Captain Alonso Pamplona Rangel, founder of the Palmas Salazar in 1583.
In accordance with the laws and customs of the time, Juana Rangel de Cuéllar, was obliged to say that the donation was in compliance with established ordering real in the sense that was included in a tenth of their property and that it therefore did not affect what was left as an inheritance, or was not a ruin, nor was there any doubt about the nature and character of the property and finally he was “free to roll, commitment and general or special mortgage” so The grant will toward all the formalities.
Once established population, it grew rapidly. One reason was the rapid growth have been created as a necessary step between Bogota and Caracas. Cocoa was the precursor economy, which was carried by the river Pamplonita. On May 18, 1792 the King of Spain, Charles IV by royal charter granted the city of Cúcuta the title of “Muy Noble y Leal Villa Courageous.” [21] José María Maldonado, a lawyer for the Royal Court, made on behalf of the residents filing legal title to the Viceroy Villa Espeleta.
Bolívar, Santander and other heroes of the independence out of the Historic church of Cúcuta, where it was held the Congress of Cucuta.
In the late nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution came to town with the establishment of Cucuta Railway. The construction was divided into four parts North, East, South and West: [22]
North Zone began in 1878 and was completed ten years later. Puerto Santander Cúcuta connected with international character and was therefore joined with Venezuela. East Zone began in 1893 and extended to the Rio Tachira. The South Zone began operations in 1921, led to Pamplona, but only reached the place called The Diamond. Finally, the West Zone, intended to reach Tamalameque but could not be performed for economic reasons. The company was liquidated in 1960. [23]
Monument to the Battle of Cúcuta (1910).
The early twentieth century in Colombia accounted for the beginning of its industrial revolution, which affected the expansion of Cucuta. One of the milestones that mark his century would be the beginnings of aviation, which would Barranquilla its genesis in the city. Camilo Daza, Cucuta an illustrious citizen, was the first national in 1919 piloted a plane for what was recognized as the pioneer of aviation in Colombia. [24] [25] [26]
Cúcuta was affected by the Colombian armed conflict in the 1990s and first decade of the twenty-first century, with communist guerrillas and paramilitary groups, which have operated in the cities in the form of urban networks that pursue their goals. The violence generated by these activities more directly hit the poorest, in the case of the communes Cucuta 6, 7 and 8 in particular. The largest share of crime in Cucuta were recorded between 1990 and 1991, especially from the so-called United Self-Defense of Colombia (AUC) in their urban networks disputing territorial control of the guerrillas, was a period that coincided with the war against gangs in Colombia.
The Ombudsman’s Office in a 2007 report warned of the high risk of vulnerability in the violation of human rights of certain sectors and associations present in the city. [27] On December 15, 2004 Block Catatumbo and paramilitary front ” The Barge “demobilized, reducing crime rates in the region. Especially the latter front operating in the Metropolitan Area of Cúcuta. [28]
Following the demobilization of the AUC, there were emerging groups known as the Black Eagles were identified as responsible for the increase in violence in 2006 and 2007 and would be intimidating the civilian population, especially young people, and fighting over the control of illegal activities such as hallucinogens outlets, houses of prostitution, trafficking in arms and drugs in poor neighborhoods especially in Cúcuta Juan Atalaya. The presence of this illegal group was due to the interest of controlling the natural corridor Catatumbo-Cucuta-Venezuela used for drug trafficking and illegal activities that fund the group. [29]
Since 2007 the city maintains a dynamic urban development and a process of sustained recovery. In that year he executed several mega-projects: [30] the construction of five bridges elevated [31], a convention center [32] and a transport terminal. It also expanded the capacity of the General Santander Stadium from 20,000 to 45,000 spectators. [33] (2010) is the deadline for conclusion of the Mass Transit System “Metrobus” [34] a project of public transport infrastructure that would unite all sectors of the city.
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